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Index: F
- .F filename extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
- .f filename extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
- F# keys : 12.9. Running Multiple Shell Sessions with screen
- false exit status : 44.7. Exit Status of UNIX Processes
- false program : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- fast find : 17.18. Using "Fast find"
- with database : 17.19. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database
- fc command : 11.14.2. In ksh and bash: fc
- fg command
- 12.1.1. Foreground and Background
- 12.2. Other Ways to Refer to Jobs
- fgrep : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- fgrep script : 27.6. Fast grep Isn't
- fi statements : (see if statement)
- fi unexpected : 46.1.4. Missing or Extra esac, ;;, fi, etc.
- fignore shell variable
- 6.9. Special C Shell Variables
- 9.9. Don't Match Useless Files in Filename Completion
- file command
- 16.26. Finding Text Files with findtext
- 47.4.3.5. File Inquiry Operators
- file descriptors : 38.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts
- associated with files : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- closing : 47.2.1.3. Closing FDs
- managing
- 45.7. The exec Command
- 47.2.1. File Descriptors
- redirecting : 45.21. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error
- uses for : 45.20. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
- file permissions : (see permissions)
- file pointer : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- file recovery : 30.24. vi/ex File Recovery vs. Networked Filesystems
- file size : 24.5. Limiting File Sizes
- batch editing and : 33.8. Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Bomb on Big Files
- File Transfer Protocol : (see ftp program)
- file types, finding : 25.8. Finding File Types
- filec shell variable : 6.9. Special C Shell Variables
- filenames
- appending date to : 21.14. Automatically Appending the Date to a Filename
- on command line : 13.13. The "Filename" -
- comparing : 16.23. Comparing Filenames in Two Directory Trees
- completion
- 9.8. Filename Completion: Faster Filename Typing
- 11.13. Shell Command-Line Editing
- conventions : 1.15. Filenames
- ending with ~ : 14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly
- extensions for
- 1.17. Filename Extensions
- 4.6. Naming Files
- length of : 16.6. clf, cls: "Compressed" ls Listings
- links and
- 18.4.1. Differences Between Hard and Symbolic Links
- 44.22. Finding a Program Name; Multiple Program Names
- 45.13. Save Disk Space and Programming: Multiple Names for a Program
- null : 23.13. Deleting Files with the Null Name
- picking automatically : 16.16. Picking a Unique Filename Automatically
- restoring from backups by : 20.4.1. Restoring a Few Files
- special characters in
- 8.16. Quoting Handles Special Characters in Filenames
- 16.14. Showing Non-Printable Characters in Filenames
- 23.11. Deleting Files with Odd Names
- starting with . : (see dot files)
- stripped from pathnames : 45.18.1. Introduction to basename and dirname
- symbols in : 44.15.1. With the $@"
- for temporary files : 21.3. Unique Names for Temporary Files
- whitespace in : 16.13. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name
- wildcards and : 15.1. File Naming Wildcards
- files
- 1.29. When Is a File Not a File?
- 45.20. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
- access permissions : 1.23. File Access Permissions
- adding to other files : 25.2. Four Ways to Skin a cat
- archiving : (see archives)
- automatic cleanup of : 3.4. Automatic File Cleanup
- automatic updating of : 21.9. Keep File Printouts Up-to-Date Automatically with make
- backing up : 20.1. tar in a Nutshell
- binary, searching : 27.19. Finding Words Inside Binary Files
- on enclosed CD-ROM : 52.1. Introduction
- closing : 45.21. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error
- comparing
- 18.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
- (see comparing)
- compressed : (see compressed files)
- copying
- 18.1. What's So Complicated About Copying Files?
- 18.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
- to directory : 21.12. Copying Files to a Directory
- to directory : 45.25. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input
- counting by types : 16.24. Counting Files by Types
- creating : 25.2. Four Ways to Skin a cat
- deleting : (see deleting files)
- descriptors associated with : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- displaying contents of
- adding or deleting whitespace : 25.9. Adding and Deleting White Space
- cat command
- 25.2. Four Ways to Skin a cat
- 25.7. Show Non-Printing Characters with cat -v or od -c
- displaying beginning/end only
- 25.14. How to Look at the End of a File: tail
- 25.20. Printing the Top of a File
- double-spacing : 25.12. Double Space, Triple Space ...
- less utility : 25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
- more utility : 25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
- numbering lines : 25.21. Numbering Lines
- od utility : 25.7. Show Non-Printing Characters with cat -v or od -c
- editing : 9.24.1. What Files Have I Just Edited?
- empty
- 13.14. What Can You Do with an Empty File?
- 21.7. Setting File Modification Time with touch
- emptying : 24.1. Instead of Removing a File, Empty It
- executable : (see executable files)
- finding : (see searching)
- finding duplicate : 16.21. Finding All Directories with the Same Name
- hidden : (see dot files)
- inodes
- 1.22. How UNIX Keeps Track of Files: Inodes
- 16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
- last access time : (see last access time)
- links to : (see symbolic links)
- listing : 16.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R
- modification times
- 16.2. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u
- 16.5. The Three UNIX File Times
- 16.9. An Alias to List Recently Changed Files
- 16.18. Listing Files You've Created/Edited Today
- 16.25. Listing Files by Age and Size
- 16.27. newer: Print the Name of the Newest File
- monitoring growth of
- 25.16. How to Look at a File as It Grows
- 25.18. Watching Several Files Grow
- moving : 18.2. What's Really in a Directory
- names for : (see filenames)
- naming
- 4.6. Naming Files
- 18.2. What's Really in a Directory
- 18.3. Files with Two or More Names
- 18.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files
- notification of change to : 21.8.1.2. Watching Other Files
- overwriting accidentally : 8.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files
- ownership : (see ownership, file)
- paging through : 25.3. Using more to Page Through Files
- permissions for
- 14.14. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory
- (see permissions)
- PostScript : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- printing : (see printing)
- RCS files : 27.10. Search RCS Files with rcsgrep
- read-only : 22.9. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable
- reading : 47.2.1.2. Reading Files
- reading line-by-line : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- saving to : (see saving)
- searching : (see searching)
- across lines : 27.11. A Multiline Context grep Using sed
- agrep script
- 27.8. glimpse and agrep
- 27.14. Compound Searches
- Boyer-Moore search algorithm : 27.9. New greps Are Much Faster
- case sensitivity : 27.16. Faking Case-Insensitive Searches
- by column : 27.17. Finding a Character in a Column
- compound searches : 27.14. Compound Searches
- egrep script
- 27.5. Extended Searching for Text with egrep
- 27.7. grepping for a List of Patterns
- by exclusion : 27.3. Finding Text That Doesn't Match
- fgrep script : 27.6. Fast grep Isn't
- glimpse command : 27.8. glimpse and agrep
- grep command
- 1.4. Using Pipes to Create a New Tool
- 27.1. Different Versions of grep
- 27.12. Make Custom grep Commands (etc.) with perl
- look program : 27.18. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look"
- rcsgrep script : 27.10. Search RCS Files with rcsgrep
- sed with grep : 27.15. Narrowing a Search Quickly
- searching
- sed : 27.11. A Multiline Context grep Using sed
- searching for
- 9.24. Get File List by Editing Output of ls -l, grep, etc.
- 14.10. Variables Help You Find Directories and Files
- searching for lines in : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
- size of : (see size, file)
- sparse : 24.18. Huge Files Might Not Take a Lot of Disk Space
- spell checking : (see spell checking)
- temporary
- 9.17. Handling Lots of Text with Temporary Files
- 14.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly
- text : (see text files)
- too many for command line : 9.20. Too Many Files for the Command Line
- uncompressing : 44.12. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts
- unlinking when open : 24.3. Unlinking Open Files Isn't a Good Idea
- writing : 47.2.1.1. Writing Files
- filesystems
- find command and : 17.25. Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems
- hierarchical : 18.1. What's So Complicated About Copying Files?
- ID numbers : 17.22. Finding the Links to a File
- moving files between : 18.2. What's Really in a Directory
- structure of : 1.19. The Tree Structure of the Filesystem
- fileutils : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- filters
- 1.3. Programs Are Designed to Work Together
- 1.30. Redirecting Input and Output
- 45.20. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors
- ex editor : 30.22. Filtering Text Through a UNIX Command
- fmt utility for : 30.37. Neatening Lines
- in index program : 48.12. Using index with a Filter
- vi editor : 30.22.2. Filtering Text with vi
- find command
- 3.4. Automatic File Cleanup
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- \( \) operator : 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- ! operator
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators
- { } operator : 17.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree (No Pathnames with find {} Operator)
- -a option : 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- -atime option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.5. Searching for Old Files
- 17.7. The Times that find Finds
- 21.5. What Good Is a File's Last Access Time?
- -ctime option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.5. Searching for Old Files
- 17.7. The Times that find Finds
- to delete files : 23.22. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files
- directory trees and : 17.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree
- examples : 45.31. Nested Command Substitution
- -exec option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.10. Running Commands on What You Find
- 17.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree (No Pathnames with find {} Operator)
- 22.7. Using chmod to Change File Permission
- 22.8. The Handy chmod = Operator
- fast find : 17.18. Using "Fast find"
- -fstype option : 17.25. Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems
- -group option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.16. Searching by Owner and Group
- -inum option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.10. Running Commands on What You Find
- 23.16. Removing a Strange File by its I-number
- -links option : 17.5. Searching for Old Files
- loops using : 45.18.2. Use with Loops
- -maxdepth option : 17.23. Finding Files with -prune
- -mtime option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.5. Searching for Old Files
- 17.7. The Times that find Finds
- with multiple options
- 17.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators
- 17.12. Finding Many Things with One Command
- -name option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.4. Looking for Files with Particular Names
- 17.12. Finding Many Things with One Command
- networked filesystems and : 17.25. Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems
- -newer option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.8. Exact File Time Comparisons
- 20.7. Creating a Timestamp File for Selective Backups
- -nogroup option : 17.16. Searching by Owner and Group
- -nouser option : 17.16. Searching by Owner and Group
- -o option : 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- -ok option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.10. Running Commands on What You Find
- 23.4. Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes
- -perm option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.15. Searching for Files by Permission
- -print operator : 17.3. Don't Forget -print
- -print option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.12. Finding Many Things with One Command
- -print0 option : 9.22. xargs: Problems with Spaces and Newlines
- -prune option
- 17.23. Finding Files with -prune
- 17.24. Skipping Some Parts of a Tree in find (A More Selective -prune)
- -size option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.14. Searching for Files by Size
- syntax of : 17.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators
- -type option
- 17.1. The find Command Is Great; The Problem Is Finding How to Use It
- 17.13. Searching for Files by Type
- -user option : 17.16. Searching by Owner and Group
- wildcards and
- 17.4. Looking for Files with Particular Names
- 17.18. Using "Fast find"
- xargs command and : 17.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree
- -xdev option : 17.25. Keeping find From Searching Networked Filesystems
- findcmd script
- 16.10. findcmd: Find a Command in Your Search Path
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- finding : (see searching)
- findtext script
- 16.26. Finding Text Files with findtext
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- fix command : (see fc command)
- fixdlsrps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixfmps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixmacps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixpsditps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixpspps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixscribeps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixtpps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixwfwps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixwpps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- fixwwps program : 43.23. psselect: Print Some Pages from a PostScript file
- flip script
- 25.19. Reverse Lines in Long Files with flip
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- flow control : 41.2.4. Flow Control (We Hope)
- in C shell : 47.2.2.2. Flow Control
- Emacs and : 32.12. Getting Around Emacs Flow Control Problems
- fmt : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- fmt command
- 9.20. Too Many Files for the Command Line
- 35.2. Neatening Text with fmt
- filtering text from vi : 30.37. Neatening Lines
- re-format comment lines : 35.4. recomment: Clean Up Program Comment Blocks
- fmt.sh script
- 35.3. Alternatives to fmt
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- fold command : 43.8. Fixing Margins with pr and fold
- footers, editing : 52.8.2.4. Unsharring the Sources
- for loop
- 1.5. Anyone Can Program the Shell
- 9.12. The Bourne Shell for Loop
- 33.11.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands
- 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
- advantages : 44.17. Handling Arguments with while and shift
- in command-line arguments : 44.15.2. With a Loop
- command substitution : 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
- command-line arguments : 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
- disadvantages : 44.17. Handling Arguments with while and shift
- egrep expressions built : 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
- examples
- 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
- 48.2. Online Phone and Address Lists
- jot used in : 45.11. The Multipurpose jot Command
- multiple variables : 45.17. Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables
- storing line of text with multiple words : 45.34. Arrays in the Bourne Shell
- uses for : 45.16. Standard Input to a for Loop
- while loops compared to : 45.16. Standard Input to a for Loop
- wildcards : 44.16. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop
- for loops
- examples : 50.3. apropos on Systems Without apropos
- foreach loop : 9.11. Repeating a Command with a foreach Loop
- examples : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays
- in C shells : 47.5. Using C Shell Arrays
- foreground jobs : 12.1.1. Foreground and Background
- killing : 38.9. Killing Foreground Jobs
- nice command and : 39.10. A nice Gotcha
- fork system call
- 1.11. How the Shell Executes Other Commands
- 38.2. fork and exec
- form letters : 9.14. Using Here Documents for Form Letters, etc.
- format of diff output : 28.8. More Friendly diff Output
- formfile : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- formprog script
- 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- examples : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- forms
- script for filing : 45.22. Handling Files Line-by-Line
- Fortran program source file extension : 1.17. Filename Extensions
- fortune program : 3.3. Electronic Fortune Cookies
- free software : 52.2. Where Does Free Software End and UNIX Begin?
- Free Software Foundation (FSF)
- 1.8. There Are Many Shells
- 8.2. Introduction to bash
- fsck program : 1.14. The Kernel and Daemons
- ftp program
- 1.33. UNIX Networking and Communications
- 2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
- 9.19. For the Impatient: Type-Ahead
- FTP software archives : 52.7.2. Online Archive
- ftpd daemon, login shell and : 2.16. Approved Shells: Using Unapproved Login Shell
- ftpfile script : 52.4. Quick Descriptions of What's on the Disc
- FTPMAIL mail server : 52.7.2.2. FTPMAIL
- full duplex : 41.2.1. How We Made It This Far (Back?)
- function keys, mapping in vi : 31.2.1. Command Mode Maps
- functions
- . (dot) command compared to : 44.23. Reading Files with the . and source Commands
- C programs : 52.8.2.7. Functions, Libraries, and Header Files
- shell : (see shell functions)
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